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The Supreme Court of the Republic of Singapore is one of the two tiers of the court system in Singapore, the other tier being the Subordinate Courts. The Supreme Court consists of the Court of Appeal and the High Court and hears both civil and criminal matters. The Court of Appeal hears both civil and criminal appeals from the High Court. The Court of Appeal may also decide a point of law reserved for its decision by the High Court, as well as any point of law of public interest arising in the course of an appeal from a subordinate court to the High Court, which has been reserved by the High Court for the decision of the Court of Appeal. The High Court's jurisdiction is as follows: generally, a civil case is commenced in the High Court if the subject matter of the claim exceeds S$250,000. Probate matters are dealt with in the High Court if the value of the estate exceeds S$3 million or if the case involves the resealing of a foreign grant. In addition, ancillary matters in family proceedings involving assets of S$1.5 million or above are heard in the High Court. Criminal cases involving offences which carry the death penalty and generally those punishable with imprisonment for a term exceeding ten years, are prosecuted in the High Court. Non-bailable offences are generally tried in the High Court. As a rule of thumb, the High Court in Singapore has inherent jusrisdiction to try all matters within Singapore. ==History== The earliest predecessor of the Supreme Court was the Court of Judicature of Prince of Wales' Island (now Penang), Singapore and Malacca, which was established by the Second Charter of Justice, issued by the Crown as letters patent dated 27 November 1826.〔.〕 The Court was presided over by the Governor of the Straits Settlements and Resident Councillor of the settlement where the court was to be held, and another judge called the Recorder.〔.〕 The Third Charter of Justice of 12 August 1855 reorganized the Court, providing the Straits Settlements with two Recorders, one for Prince of Wales' Island and the other for Singapore and Malacca.〔Chionh, p. 103.〕 Following the reconstitution of the Straits Settlements as a Crown colony with effect from 1 April 1867,〔By the Straits Settlements Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict., c. 115) (UK).〕 the Court of Judicature was replaced by the Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements.〔By the Supreme Court Ordinance 1868 (No. 5 of 1868) (Straits Settlements).〕 The Governor and Resident Councillors ceased to be judges of the Court.〔These changes were respectively effected by the Judicial Duties Act (No. 3 of 1867) (Straits Settlements) and the Supreme Court Ordinance 1868 (No. 5 of 1868) (Straits Settlements).〕 Further changes to the Court's constitution were made in 1873. It now consisted of two divisions – the Chief Justice and the Senior Puisne Judge formed the Singapore and Malacca division of the Court, while the Judge of Penang and the Junior Puisne Judge formed the Penang division. The Supreme Court also received jurisdiction to sit as an Court of Appeal in civil matters. In 1878 the jurisdiction and residence of judges was made more flexible, thus impliedly abolishing the geographical division of the Supreme Court.〔By the Courts Ordinance 1878 (No. 3 of 1878) (Straits Settlements).〕 Appeals from decisions of the Supreme Court lay first to the Court of Appeal and then to the Queen-in-Council, the latter appeals being heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.〔Judicial Committee Act 1844 ((7 & 8 Vict., c. 69 )) (UK).〕 As a result of legislation passed in 1885,〔Ordinance No. XV of 1885 (Straits Settlements).〕 the Supreme Court consisted of the Chief Justice and three puisne judges. The Court was significantly altered in 1907.〔By the Courts Ordinance 1907 (No. XXX of 1907, Straits Settlements).〕 It now had two divisions, one exercising original civil and criminal jurisdiction and the other appellate civil and criminal jurisdiction.〔Chionh, "Development of the Court System", pp. 104–106.〕 During the Japanese occupation of Singapore (1942–1945), all the courts that had operated under the British were replaced by new courts established by the Japanese Military Administration. The Syonan Koto-Hoin (Supreme Court) was formed on 29 May 1942; there was also a Court of Appeal, but it was never convened. Following the end of World War II, the courts that had existed before the war were restored. There was no change in the judicial system when the Straits Settlements were dissolved in 1946, and Singapore became a crown colony in its own right,〔By the Straits Settlements (Repeal) Act 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. VI, c. 37).〕 except that the Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements became known as the Supreme Court of Singapore.〔.〕 Singapore gained independence from the United Kingdom through merger with Malaysia in 1963. The judicial power of Malaysia was vested〔By the Malaysia Act 1963 (No. 26 of 1963, Malaysia).〕 in a Federal Court, a High Court in Malaya, a High Court in Borneo (now the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak), and a High Court in Singapore (which replaced the Supreme Court of the Colony of Singapore).〔The change was effected by the Courts of Judicature Act 1963 (No. 7 of 1964, Malaysia), reprinted as Act No. RS(A) 6 of 1966 in the ''Singapore Reprints Supplement (Acts)'' of the ''Government Gazette''.〕 Appeals lay from the High Court in Singapore to the Federal Court in Kuala Lumpur, and then to the Privy Council. The merger did not last: in 1965 Singapore left the Federation of Malaysia and became an independent republic. However, the High Court remained part of the Federal Court structure until 1969, when Singapore enacted the Supreme Court of Judicature Act〔Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969 (No. 24 of 1969), now the .〕 to regularize the judicial system. Coming into force on 9 January 1970, the Act declared that the Supreme Court of Singapore now consisted of the Court of Appeal, the Court of Criminal Appeal and the High Court. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council remained Singapore's highest appellate court〔Constitution (Amendment) Act 1969 (No. 19 of 1969).〕 until a permanent Court of Appeal for both civil and criminal appeals was established. Appeals to the Privy Council were completely abolished in 1994.〔By the Judicial Committee (Repeal) Act 1994 (No. 2 of 1994).〕〔Chionh, "Development of the Court System", pp. 108, 110–111, 113–114, 116.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Supreme Court of Singapore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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